Biblical Archaeology Society - Why Did the Magi Bring Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh?
SEARCH
SEARCH
SUBSCRIBE
 | 
RENEW
 | 
DONATE

BIBLE HISTORY DAILY

Why Did the Magi Bring Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh?

Medicinal uses of frankincense may help explain the gifts of the magi

Why Did the Magi Bring Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh?Were the gifts of the magi meant to save Jesus from the pain of arthritis? It’s possible, according to researchers at Cardiff University in Wales who have been studying the medical uses of frankincense.

Since the early days of Christianity, Biblical scholars and theologians have offered varying interpretations of the meaning and significance of the gold, frankincense and myrrh that the magi presented to Jesus, according to the Gospel of Matthew (2:11). These valuable items were standard gifts to honor a king or deity in the ancient world: gold as a precious metal, frankincense as perfume or incense, and myrrh as anointing oil. In fact, these same three items were apparently among the gifts, recorded in ancient inscriptions, that King Seleucus II Callinicus offered to the god Apollo at the temple in Miletus in 243 B.C.E. The Book of Isaiah, when describing Jerusalem’s glorious restoration, tells of nations and kings who will come and “bring gold and frankincense and shall proclaim the praise of the Lord” (Isaiah 60:6). Although Matthew’s gospel does not include the names or number of the magi, many believe that the number of the gifts is what led to the tradition of the Three Wise Men.

 
Why Did the Magi Bring Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh?

The traditional gifts of the magi—gold, frankincense and myrrh—may have had symbolic as well as practical value. Researchers believe the medicinal uses of frankincense were known to the author of Matthew’s gospel.

In addition to the honor and status implied by the value of the gifts of the magi, scholars think that these three were chosen for their special spiritual symbolism about Jesus himself—gold representing his kingship, frankincense a symbol of his priestly role, and myrrh a prefiguring of his death and embalming—an interpretation made popular in the well-known Christmas carol “We Three Kings.”

Still others have suggested that the gifts of the magi were a bit more practical—even medicinal in nature. Researchers at Cardiff University have demonstrated that frankincense has an active ingredient that can help relieve arthritis by inhibiting the inflammation that breaks down cartilage tissue and causes arthritis pain. The new study validates traditional uses of frankincense as an herbal remedy to treat arthritis in communities of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, where the trees that produce this aromatic resin grow. Did the magi “from the East” know of frankincense’s healing properties when they presented it to young Jesus?


Based on Strata, “The Magi’s Gifts—Tribute or Treatment?” Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2012.

Not a BAS Library or All-Access Member yet? Join today.


This Bible History Daily feature was originally published in December 2011.


Related reading in Bible History Daily

Did Jesus Exist? Searching for Evidence Beyond the Bible

Witnessing the Divine

Christmas Stories in Christian Apocrypha

Where Was Jesus Born?

All-Access members, read more in the BAS Library

Lost Syriac Text Gives Magi’s View of the Christmas Story

The Three Magi

What Was the Star that Guided the Magi?

Ancient Medicine

Not a BAS Library or All-Access Member yet? Join today.

Related Posts

Late-15th-century painting of The Last Supper by the Spanish artist known as the Master of Perea.
Sep 29
Was Jesus’ Last Supper a Seder?

By: Jonathan Klawans

A predella panel from an altarpiece by Mariotto Albertinelli (1474–1515) depicts the newborn baby Jesus flanked by Joseph and Mary. Photo: John G. Johnson Collection, 1917, courtesy of the Philadelphia Museum of Art
Sep 24
When Was Jesus Born—B.C. or A.D.?

By: Megan Sauter

Late-15th-century painting by the Spanish artist known as the Master of Perea depicts a Last Supper of lamb, unleavened bread and wine. Photo: Christie’s Images/Superstock
Sep 22
Was Jesus a Jew?

By: BAS Staff

MULTIPLICATION OF THE LOAVES painted in a third- or fourth-century Via Anapo catacomb. Clean-shaven Jesus holds what looks like a wand.
Sep 15
Jesus Holding a Magic Wand?

By: Marek Dospěl


101 Responses:

  1. Dell says:

    The frakensense and myrh was part of the meat offering…the gold is wealth…ever notice how GOD always speaks of women children and cattle?…notice we have a thing called the Bull market…..investment’s… so familiar to today’s world…..Joseph means increase…..the name of Jesus earthly father….Joseph of armathea was a WEALTHY man…….and Joseph of Egypt interpreted Pharaoh’s dream of 7 cows…..I think the magi came in the month of may….remember ! All commodities come out of the Earth…..invest wisely in your studies’..then you shall see how to build your inheritance

  2. Olanma says:

    Haha! I love reading comments about things like this. I am a Christian who believes in the Bible, I just want to get that out of the way. I would not be surprised if, apart from their deeper spiritual meanings, the gifts were presented to Jesus for practical reasons as well. Let us not forget that Jesus was human too, a child that could have had all the little ailments that infants usually have. The Magi could have also had the well-being of baby Jesus at heart as well as His purpose on earth. One problem I believe Christians have is that they fail to realize that the Bible can be very practical as it can be spiritual. The people in Bible times were also humans and it is very possible that Jesus was gifted with these things to honor him as well as to provide medicinal benefits.

  3. Cynthia says:

    What Rhett said. Number 14. Don’t be foolish unbelievers.

  4. Dale Ray says:

    OK, how about this…..

    Symbolically Gold represents kingship. Christ was born to be a king.
    Symbolically Frankincense represented the divinity of Christ because as mentioned Frankincense was burnt as an offering to God. Frankincense is used as a perfume but mostly it was burned as a sweet incense during worship.
    Lastly, Myrrh was mostly used to embalm the dead because it had the property to preserve. Myrrh represents the bitter cup that Christ had to drink in suffering for our sins and the healing for us that his death brings.

    Thoughts…….

  5. Douglas says:

    Being God, why would Jesus need a cure for arthritis?

  6. jacqui says:

    These are and still remain our first earth medicine that God put here to heal us.their antiviral,antibiotics properties are matched by NONE. Clove and cinnamon bark are stronger than 500mg.of penicillin per 00 capsule. The antiviral properties in frankincense and sandalwood wards off flu,and spinalmenengitis. He did not leave us to play test dummy to the medical profession. What he left us was a legacy that can be trusted with his love not tested to see what side effects harm us. Add prayer to announcement over these oils and they increase in frequency by 20 percent.amazing how God provides for us.

  7. William says:

    I ask of you to burn the frankincense and myrrh every Saturday in your homes.Open your front door and your rear door or window.Walk with the incense burning into every room and say these words ( in the name of our Father Jesus Christ I expell all that is unholy for in this house only the Holy trinity dwells and is welcomed.) After your finished walking room to room,lay the incence on the floor until it burns out.Sit quietly and say your prayers as you would normally.Our Father will respond to your prayers in a way that will strengthen your faith.Here him for he does speak to us,we just have to listen.Love is the key.Love for our fellow brothers and sisters.And most important is not to judge.May our Father bless you.

  8. Elias Mugadza says:

    Please watch emmanuel tv

  9. Larry says:

    So, are there historically a lot of babies born with arthritis?

  10. Benjamin Dover says:

    How would this be a practical gift for a baby? They would have to possess prior knowledge that an arthritic baby was being born. Or was arthritis such an ailment that they could just assume?

    And since this baby was proclaimed as the son of god, why would this son of god be born with arthritis?

    What about the “power of prayer?”

    With all the healing power of these gifts, wouldn’t the son of god have even more healing power?

    This article explains nothing.

Write a Reply or Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


101 Responses:

  1. Dell says:

    The frakensense and myrh was part of the meat offering…the gold is wealth…ever notice how GOD always speaks of women children and cattle?…notice we have a thing called the Bull market…..investment’s… so familiar to today’s world…..Joseph means increase…..the name of Jesus earthly father….Joseph of armathea was a WEALTHY man…….and Joseph of Egypt interpreted Pharaoh’s dream of 7 cows…..I think the magi came in the month of may….remember ! All commodities come out of the Earth…..invest wisely in your studies’..then you shall see how to build your inheritance

  2. Olanma says:

    Haha! I love reading comments about things like this. I am a Christian who believes in the Bible, I just want to get that out of the way. I would not be surprised if, apart from their deeper spiritual meanings, the gifts were presented to Jesus for practical reasons as well. Let us not forget that Jesus was human too, a child that could have had all the little ailments that infants usually have. The Magi could have also had the well-being of baby Jesus at heart as well as His purpose on earth. One problem I believe Christians have is that they fail to realize that the Bible can be very practical as it can be spiritual. The people in Bible times were also humans and it is very possible that Jesus was gifted with these things to honor him as well as to provide medicinal benefits.

  3. Cynthia says:

    What Rhett said. Number 14. Don’t be foolish unbelievers.

  4. Dale Ray says:

    OK, how about this…..

    Symbolically Gold represents kingship. Christ was born to be a king.
    Symbolically Frankincense represented the divinity of Christ because as mentioned Frankincense was burnt as an offering to God. Frankincense is used as a perfume but mostly it was burned as a sweet incense during worship.
    Lastly, Myrrh was mostly used to embalm the dead because it had the property to preserve. Myrrh represents the bitter cup that Christ had to drink in suffering for our sins and the healing for us that his death brings.

    Thoughts…….

  5. Douglas says:

    Being God, why would Jesus need a cure for arthritis?

  6. jacqui says:

    These are and still remain our first earth medicine that God put here to heal us.their antiviral,antibiotics properties are matched by NONE. Clove and cinnamon bark are stronger than 500mg.of penicillin per 00 capsule. The antiviral properties in frankincense and sandalwood wards off flu,and spinalmenengitis. He did not leave us to play test dummy to the medical profession. What he left us was a legacy that can be trusted with his love not tested to see what side effects harm us. Add prayer to announcement over these oils and they increase in frequency by 20 percent.amazing how God provides for us.

  7. William says:

    I ask of you to burn the frankincense and myrrh every Saturday in your homes.Open your front door and your rear door or window.Walk with the incense burning into every room and say these words ( in the name of our Father Jesus Christ I expell all that is unholy for in this house only the Holy trinity dwells and is welcomed.) After your finished walking room to room,lay the incence on the floor until it burns out.Sit quietly and say your prayers as you would normally.Our Father will respond to your prayers in a way that will strengthen your faith.Here him for he does speak to us,we just have to listen.Love is the key.Love for our fellow brothers and sisters.And most important is not to judge.May our Father bless you.

  8. Elias Mugadza says:

    Please watch emmanuel tv

  9. Larry says:

    So, are there historically a lot of babies born with arthritis?

  10. Benjamin Dover says:

    How would this be a practical gift for a baby? They would have to possess prior knowledge that an arthritic baby was being born. Or was arthritis such an ailment that they could just assume?

    And since this baby was proclaimed as the son of god, why would this son of god be born with arthritis?

    What about the “power of prayer?”

    With all the healing power of these gifts, wouldn’t the son of god have even more healing power?

    This article explains nothing.

Write a Reply or Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


Send this to a friend