BIBLE HISTORY DAILY

The Shroud of Turin: Relic or Forgery?

New study claims an ancient earthquake can shed light on the Shroud of Turin

Purported to be Jesus’ burial cloth, the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin has long been debated. A recently published study claims that an ancient earthquake can explain why radiocarbon dating tests conducted on the shroud may not have been accurate. Photo: Vernon Miller.

Is the Shroud of Turin real or fake? Its authenticity has long been questioned. Radiocarbon dating tests conducted in the 1980s concluded that the shroud dated to the 13th–14th century. A recently published study in the journal Meccanica, however, claims that an earthquake that hit Jerusalem in 33 C.E. may have increased the shroud’s carbon-14 levels—putting into doubt the accuracy of the original radiocarbon tests.

The shroud is purported to be Jesus’ burial cloth. Front and back images of a man who seems to have been crucified can be seen on the 14-by-3.5-foot linen cloth.

As described by Vaughn M. Bryant, Jr., in the November/December 2000 issue of BAR, the tradition of Jesus’ burial shroud and the cloth now known as the Shroud of Turin has had a long and complicated history:

Eusebius reports that in 30 A.D. a certain Thaddeus, one of Jesus’ disciples, gave “a cloth with an image on it” to King Abgar V, whose palace was in Edessa (in modern Turkey). Abgar was severely ill with what scholars now believe may have been leprosy. However, after Abgar touched the cloth, he was miraculously healed. The news of his cure spread rapidly, and soon many pilgrims were flocking to Edessa to see and touch the cloth. More than 900 years later, in 944, the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Romanus I, wanted to obtain the “magic” cloth, which by then had become known as the Mandylion, or “Little Handkerchief.” The city of Edessa refused to give up its sacred relic, so Romanus I laid siege to the city until the people surrendered the Mandylion. The cloth was then taken to the Byzantine capital of Constantinople.

According to Byzantine historians, the Mandylion bore only the facial image of Jesus. Some believers today say that the Mandylion was the shroud, folded into eighths to make a small square, leaving only the face visible. (This may be why—if the Mandylion and the shroud are one and the same—historians did not record that the Mandylion contained a full-body image. But why they wouldn’t realize its true size is hard to fathom.) In 1204 Knights of the Temple of Solomon (an order of monk-knights, also known as the Knights Templar) of the Fourth Crusade reportedly took the cloth—whether the Mandylion or the shroud—to France. It remained in France until sometime during the early 1300s, when it was removed to England for safekeeping after King Philip IV of France destroyed and confiscated properties owned by the Knights of the Temple of Solomon. After about half a century in England, it returned to France, and in 1357 a French nobleman, Geoffrey de Charmy, displayed a cloth to the public in Lirey, France, as the “true burial shroud of Jesus.” However, he never revealed where the shroud came from nor how he acquired it. This is the first verifiable reference to the object now called the Shroud of Turin. In 1453 that cloth was given to the King of Savoy. For more than a century, it remained in a castle belonging to the House of Savoy in Chambéry, France. After surviving a fire in the castle in 1532, the shroud was eventually brought to Turin, where it has remained since 1578, in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist.


Our free eBook Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries brings together the exciting worlds of archaeology and the Bible! Learn the fascinating insights gained from artifacts and ruins, like the Pool of Siloam in Jerusalem, where the Gospel of John says Jesus miraculously restored the sight of the blind man, and the Tel Dan inscription—the first historical evidence of King David outside the Bible.


In this contrast-enhanced photo, details of the Shroud of Turin become more clear. It has been suggested that the white marks on the forehead are blood stains, perhaps caused by the crown of thorns said to have been placed on Jesus’ head in the Biblical accounts. Photo: Vernon Miller.

Numerous scientific studies—from radiocarbon dating to x-ray and pollen analysis—have been conducted over the past century, and numerous theories have been put forth. The Shroud of Turin has been regarded as a relic, a forgery and even a work of art.

A research team led by Alberto Carpinteri of the Politecnico di Torino in Italy hypothesized in a newly published study that an earthquake that hit Jerusalem in 33 C.E. may have been strong enough to cause neutron radiation. This phenomenon in turn may have created the images on the shroud through radiation imagery as well as corrupted the radiocarbon testing conducted on the shroud in the 1980s. It may therefore be possible that the shroud is older than the 13th–14th century dates originally suggested by the 1980s radiocarbon dating studies.

The study by Carpinteri and his team has been met with some criticism. As Christopher Ramsey, director of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, told LiveScience:

One question that would need to be addressed is why the material here is affected, but other archaeological and geological material in the ground is not. There are huge numbers of radiocarbon dates from the region for much older archaeological material, which certainly don’t show this type of intense in-situ radiocarbon production (and they would be much more sensitive to any such effects).

Carpinteri’s research—on piezonuclear fission—has courted so much controversy that in 2012, the Italian research minister conceded to a call by over 1,000 scientists from Italy and abroad to take a closer look at the research program.

Read more about Carpinteri’s hypothesis on the Shroud of Turin.


Learn more about the Shroud of Turin in the BAS Library:

Vaughn M. Bryant, Jr., “Does Pollen Prove the Shroud Authentic?” Biblical Archaeology Review, November/December 2000.

Gary Vikan, “Debunking the Shroud: Made by Human Hands,” Biblical Archaeology Review, November/December 1998.

Suzanne F. Singer, “Has the Shroud of Turin Been Dated—Finally?” Bible Review, April 1989.

Joseph A. Kohlbeck and Eugenia L. Nitowski, “New Evidence May Explain Image on Shroud of Turin,” Biblical Archaeology Review, July/August 1986.

Robert A. Wild, “The Shroud of Turin—Probably the Work of a 14th-Century Artist or Forger,” Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 1984.

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33 Responses

  1. Tyndale says:

    Frankly isn’t the whole point of the matter concerning finding some for of physical evidence to prove there is truly a real Godly Being…The Turin cloth is merely a piece of cloth with the impression likeness of a man embedded in it fibers but does any of that prove beyond any shadow of a doubt there is a true Godly Being connected to a mere piece of cloth…?
    In fact although I do not need physical evidence God is real or that Jesus Christ died for my sinful ,lifestyle I still wonder, and I have to ask, is there any physical evidence or any concrete proof beyond any archaeology diggings, and beyond the findings of old ancient holy land grave sits and bone findings, or is there any true evidence beyond old holy land ruins available to us people of today, proof that clearly shows and tells all and anyone there is a true living Godhead Father somewhere within the cosmos or throughout the unseen heavens…? OUCH…I just had to ask…?

  2. George Walter Bratcher III says:

    How did NASA going to Mars with the Mariner 10 satellite in the 1973 lead to the formation of the Shroud of Turin Research Project later in 1978? This project in 1978 would attract 38 skeptical American scientists on the team of 40 (with only two Christians), who thought they’d prove it a hoax within a week’s time, but leading to all the scientists, even a Jewish man on the team, all coming to faith in Jesus after 5 days studying the Shroud of Turin.

    https://youtu.be/IoZ4D5D_lrI?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    This would also lead to not only to The Fabric of Time video in 2005 – http://www.itbn.org/index/detail/ec/9sY2VwMjpSFId9Dfz1qzkhita_-jRTPs, but in 2010, Ray Downing would recreate that 3D image using 21st century computers to extract a 2D instruction set on the 2D surface of the Shroud of Turin to replicate a 3D image of the body of Christ on the History Channel: “The Real Face of Jesus From the Shroud of Turin” – https://youtu.be/WNJPJ4JwHeE?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    Then in 2007, the Star of Bethlehem documentary would be released showing that the Magi not only found Christ as a toddler on December 25, 2 BC and the star being commemorated on Romans coins of the day, but that his death following astronomical events of his time (a blood moon) was on April 3, 33 AD and matches an Earthquake recorded on the same date – https://youtu.be/oGUlWa2r-bk?list=PLOqiEYwhz4FQSJneIvy3-fz-Pr-w2AovF and is in line with coins found on the image of the Shroud of Turin that were only minted in Jerusalem from 29-33AD, and that have a spelling error on them that matches coins preserved in archeology from antiquity – https://youtu.be/8Jyd7kwzO08?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    Atheism is a movement in decline, has been since the 1970’s. Only reason you hear about it in the news is because enough old rich white baby boomers from the counter culture have money to put into it and into the court rooms. In another 40 years, it will be less relevant than it is now.

    Sin means “without,” without God specifically, so when Jesus told a sinner to go and sin no more he was really saying, “Go and be without God no more” (avoid Adam and Eve’s mistake of thinking they could cast conversation with the creator to the wayside).

    Just deal with the facts of history. NASA developed the VP8 image analyzer to measure the terrain of Mars from maps in black in white to be able to measure distance information so they would know safely where to land the Viking probes in 1976.

    An air force Captain took a photo of the negative of the Shroud of Turin in black in white, which yielded a positive image for Secondo Pia when he first photographed it on May 28, 1898 giving the world the first positive image of Christ received from the Shroud on the negative film strip.

    When run under the VP8 image analyzer, it generated a 3D image in 1975, which no standard photograph does, and that launched the Shroud of Turin Research Project or STURP in 1978, and led later to the first 3D image yielded from Dutch labs in 2005 as documented in the Fabric of Time, and then Ray Downing’s extraction of a full 3D image for the History channel from 2D surface on the Shroud which yielded an instruction set for creating his 3D image using 21st century computers in 2010.

    The image itself comes from the top 2 microfibers on the Shroud, not threads, but microfibers as there are hundreds of microfibers in a single thread, so that if you were to shave the surface of the Shroud of Turin with a razor blade the image itself would disappear. The Shroud is spun from flax, but the threads used in the 1988 carbon dating came from a repair weave that was from cotton which test from Los Alamos labs have confirmed, which is why carbon dating the cotton yielded a middle age time conclusion. – https://youtu.be/y2T7ZPmpTq8?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    The Shroud of Turin has a 3 to 1 herring bone twill pattern weave typical of the first century and burial cloths from Masada which date to the 1st century are constructed and made the same way. This pattern was not used by more advanced loom and weaving technology of the middle ages, so the fabric itself dates to the 1st century. – https://youtu.be/QRyHMIcQ5ko?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    This is all fact, and none of it is myth.

    The 3D quantum hologram on the surface of the Shroud of Turin is only pointing to the Holographic Universe Science is now finding exists that we live in, since everything is made up of energy/light.

    The holographic Universe and the Father of the Heavenly Lights . . .https://www.facebook.com/notes/george-walter-bratcher-iii/the-holographic-universe-and-the-father-of-the-heavenly-lights-/10151421820621373

    The light and matter in the universe is measured data, and quite ironically you are using digital information to post on this comment that travels via light from your PC to the server, from which our PC’s are receiving the signal and producing it as letters in form of light on our monitors that our eyes can see.

    So not only are your rights from God, so is the sun light you see by and the oxygen you breathe by. Everything belongs to the creator, it’s just on loan to us, and one day when time ends where it began in Eternity, everyone will have to give account of how they managed what they were blessed with in life. How will you measure up?

  3. Liz says:

    You will know God by faith in His word. Period.
    The people in the old testament needed tangible things to see to have faith. Once Jesus died and rose to heaven, He sent the Holy Spirit to live inside the believer. He is the witness of Christ in you. You no longer need outside evidence. The shroud of Turin is fake. What is the point of the shroud? The devil will do anything to get your eyes off Christ and on to ANYTHING that will take your attention off the living God. Religion versus relationship. You choose.

  4. Christopher Ryan says:

    Yes, I find all of this fascinating and important. The way Jesus looked is crucial in a world that worships certain European / Caucasian features. I cannot claim to believe or disbelieve this shroud is real.

    However, I have read a story that says with Jesus’s location, heritage, and occupation, he would have had short hair and wider features. This would not coincide with what we see in the shroud of Turin.

    I believe in Jesus, but I’m not so quick to believe anything that has his name or (alleged) image on it, especially when man has a history (even in the church) of deceiving and lying to the masses.

  5. axel says:

    I got some very intriguing information last year, when I was reading about the new research in Italy and I came across this American how was also doing his own research on the photographs of the Shroud.

    He said to me by email how that he sat in front the full frontal side of the shroud and stared at it for well over a year. That’s when he said he noticed something very odd and weird about the feet.
    The man in the shroud could not have been lying down flat, when the image was made, because the feet were loosely and freely dangling as a man’s feet would if the man was suspended by a hangman’s noose.
    In other words, the man in the shroud was actually suspended in mid-air and covered by the Shroud, when the image was made!
    Well, after I looked at all his data that he seemed eager to email me at the time, it made the hairs on the back of my neck stand up, recalling the peculiar phrase of the accounts in the Gospels “He has RISEN from the dead”.

  6. bob perry says:

    The crown of thorns would have victor thorns which were very poisonist and with the beating the head would be at least double normal size. Just another attempt by the cult of mary roman catholic church to try to legitimatize their religion

  7. Paul gell says:

    Hello all, my name is paul gell and I have discovered a bas relief match to the shroud of turin! I created a 45 minute presentation (and mercifully a 5 minute summary) 🙂 and im trying to get the academic community to notice. I created a facebook page “shroud solver” where i just posted my videos. They are also are on youtube. I welcome comments and suggestions on how i can get real scholars to investigate my finding. Thanks! – paul gell

  8. Shaula says:

    Why would Father break His Word by leaving us some image as a catalyst for faith in His Messiah? Even Yshua/Jesus said to Thomas His discipled, “blessed are those who dont see [some physical evidence] yet believe.” Israel got led astray running after an icon from Gideon. We are commanded not o make any images to worship, so why would God allow this to create confusion? We are warned about ‘false christs’ & not to follow after things that diverge from the scriptures or cause bickering. The evidence of salvation is a tangible response to a Living Savior not belief inspired by an ancient rag..

  9. AngelWynton says:

    The Shroud is REAL!!
    Its still do miracles, didn’t Jehoshua said I am the live and the water
    you never get thirsty on? Yes he said that..and the Painting of
    Ray Downing is downstairs on the egde of the couch near
    my Fishtank. And believe me the tank was so full of dirth
    more like a swamp above water, and 3 malawi’s left in there.
    When I woke up and put the light on, I coudnt believe my eyes
    the whole fish tank was as clean as it could be, no dirth also
    the elements clean, and the water 100% pure. I have reumatics
    and a 250 liter tank to clean, every day it whas time out I will
    clean it tommorow. Fact is, that even the print of Ray Downing
    heals people, help people, Jehoshua is the way and the living water
    as clear as can be. Believe me 3 days ago tears role over my face
    of joy and happiness and believe and of cause to share with all of you.

  10. Mary says:

    It’s absolutely impossible for it to be the face of Jesus. He was so brutally tortured and beaten it says he didn’t even resemble the looks of a human. The best description to give of him is to have a pile of hamburger meat. He was covered in grave clothes, with a hundred pounds of ointment applied to it. A small face cloth was put over him, again, it would not show any details of a nice looking face. This is a scam and people will do anything they can to find something like this and worship it. Read the bible, and let God explain, not people.

  11. jeanr20 says:

    This sure has my mind going

  12. pk eggle says:

    PK says:
    Some of the doubting Thomas’es (sp?) out there owe it to themselves to do a little more homework on topics like long hair (which scripture predict “the Nazarene will know no razor” as were the customs for that region in the 1st century I believe…so it is important to exame all scriptures equally.

    As far as the above quoted scripture concerning any “disfigurement” goes, again a little additional study will explain a lot. The Roman Flagram used to scourge Jesus was designed to inflict internal-wounds- (note the mini iron “bar-bells attacd to the ends of the 4-?-6 teathers the Roman Centuran used to whip him). Now imagine the black & blue bruising, swelling, blood…. Put all that in context with the fact that even the Romans didn’t scourge AND crucify people- this was a Fist-Historically had never been done- so it ws extremely barbaric even for them! Also do a word study on the translated word “disfigured”…there is room for interpriration.Most people being crucified just hung on a cross- they were not beat to h*ll and “scourged” with a iron tipped Flagram like Jesus (129 strike points are identified ). Si please don’t throw the baby out wirh the bath water until you have the opportuinity to contemplate all the evidence.

    P.S. A certain amount of divine healing would have taken place during the Resurrection , too– Otherwise he would have still looked black & blue when He appeared to the others….so I have no trouble considering something like swelling (that distorts). as a possible explination in this instance. Just a thought.

  13. Varghese says:

    Good point Nathan!
    Here are the verses that prove your point:
    “I gave my back to those who beat me and my cheeks to those who pulled out my beard. I did not turn away my face from insults and spitting.” Isaiah 50:6
    “Just as many were astonished at you—so was he marred in his appearance, more than any human, and his form beyond that of human semblance” – Isaiah 52:14
    “they made his grave with the wicked, and with rich people in his death, although he had committed no violence, nor was there any deceit in his mouth yet the LORD was willing to crush him, and he made him suffer. Although you make his soul an offering for sin, He will see his offspring, and he will prolong his days, and the will of the LORD will triumph in his hand” – Isaiah 53:9-10

  14. Nathan says:

    Jesus was beaten so badly that he was severely disfigured , he was not recognizable. Case closed people let it go

  15. Betty says:

    From what I have read, the napkin was tied around the head, under the chin to hold the mouth closed. It would still have been considered to be “around” the face.

  16. Paul Michael says:

    The Vatican proved recently that the most recent test confirmed its ancient origin. How disingenuous to leave that fact out.

  17. Hannu K. Keskinen says:

    Shouldn’t today’s dna technology be able to come up with the thruth. ;?) The sample being from a male means that you are able to tell his mother line and father line, which should be something that they never before have found?

  18. stevek38 says:

    There is very much a longing to see our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ in our hearts. One day we shall see Him face to face and be filled with joy!!!

  19. Bob Puckett says:

    Artwork only…enjoy as you would any.

  20. Krzysztof Ciuba says:

    1 Cor 11: 14 proves it is a fake. A Jew at that time had a short hair.

  21. John says:

    Interesting but the show I seen on the history channel said that the very corner that was used to test. In many previous paintings ect that corner was the corner used to hold and it was a 13 century repair. I am confused how an earth quake got involved.

  22. Joyful Joanne says:

    BHD wrote: “There is actual blood on the cloth (type AB – I personally find this amusing because that is “universal recipient” – type O – “universal donor” would be more theologically consistant)”

    – That was my first thought too, but then I realized that Jesus was THE ULTIMATE UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT – He RECEIVED the penalty for the SINS OF THE WORLD in our place upon the cross when He GAVE His life blood for us! So He is BOTH Universal Recipient and Donor!

  23. Patricia Gentry says:

    First, the Shroud clearly shows the head of the body in the fold of the cloth so the face was not exposed. It was the custom to place an additional cloth tied about the head. The one thing no one addresses is how anyone in the 13th, 14th century, no matter how talented, could have created the Shroud. 1. it is a photographic negative, this property was discovered in the 20th century because there was no photography in the 13th 2. It is historically accurate and shows the nail holes in the wrists instead of the palms of the hands unlike all the artworks of the 13-14th centuries which had the nails in the palms; the wound in the side matches the configuration of Roman spears; and the flail marks show the dumbell like tips of Roman flails, examples still exist in museums. 3. It is forensically analizable by 20th century methods, the analysis of the flail marks show two beaters on either side, one taller than the other. 4. There is actual blood on the cloth (type AB – I personally find this amusing because that is “universal recipient” – type O – “universal donor” would be more theologically consistant) Whatever the Shroud is, it is NOT a fake, forgery or artwork. This piece of cloth once held a body that was crucified by Roman methods. The pool of blood under the small of the back indidcates that the heart began beating after internment or perhaps was never intirely stilled – corpses don’t bleed. This is a snapshot of an NDE – near death experience. We have had lots of those occur and not just because we have superior methods of resucitation – it happens – he just didn’t write the book about it, other people did.

  24. mikeb says:

    Whatever its origins, date, intentions, and subject, the shroud is a painting.

    Rub your face with paint. Wrap a towel around your head. Press.

    Unwrap. The resulting image does not look like a human face.

  25. Stanley Head says:

    I beleave it to be a real meriacel. The rush to have Jesus beried before sundown caused many shot cuts in the procedure. When the soul reentered the body it caused infinite heat instantly. The picture was developed when the chapel burned And the heat melted the silver box it was kept in.

  26. Joe says:

    Mentioned above, but also have seen reference several times in documentaries on the shroud to the possible carbon dating “contamination” resulting from nuns repairing the cloth after the fire of 1532 noted in the article. I believe there has also been evidence found in the shroud of a Jerusaleum origin due to microscopic spore evidence that is indigenous to that area only.

  27. Jeffrey Erwin says:

    In ancient times a burial cloth was ritually unclean. In addition, the image of the one worshiped as a bloody, tortured body was also unacceptable in those times. These may be the reasons that the 14 ft. burial linen of the Jewish Messiah was folded up so that only the face was visible (ref I. Wilson.) This abridgement in turn leads to the various legends of the artist/messenger from Edessa who attempted to paint the Rabbi’s portrait and that of Veronica’s cloth as explanations.
    In the gospels we see the rather cryptic reference by Rabbi Yehoshua to a “Sign of Jonah” that would be the “only sign” given to an entire “generation.” For something to be a “sign” it has to be witnessed. Such miracles as the walking on water or the transfiguration are not signs for any large number of persons since only a few witnessed them. But there is one miracle (in that research and analysis is unable to explain it) that has been and continues to be witnessed by generations. And that, of course, is the image of the Shroud, aka Holy Mandylion, which is the Sign of Jonah.

  28. Brian says:

    I’m in accord with Skip. Nicely stated…

  29. wayne root says:

    interesting that I heard the radio carbon dating were done on a piece of repaired cloth, repaired after a fire or damage of some sort. I doubt that this is jesus but this only proves men are like sheep, we will worship Jesus’ underwear if we had the chance rather than the true God. When God comes back to get his people, he’s not going to put the shroud, chalice or anything else in a museum as we will just worship that and ignore Him. Jesus will destroy it all as He doesn’t need it, and neither do we.

  30. Mary Thawley says:

    There is another artifact in Spain since the 6th century ( Oviedo Spain) whose blood stains match up with the blood markings on The Shroud of Turin. This is most probably the head covering you are seeking information on.

  31. Skip Heaton says:

    The cloth wrapped around the head would be the Sudarium of Oviedo. This is a cloth 84 x 53 cm which was folded in two and then wrapped around the head during transportation of the body to the burial site. This was done to avoid the “uncleanliness” of viewing the face of a dead person. At the burial site the cloth would have been removed and ( logically ) folded and set aside. The Sudarium is totally compatible with the Shroud ( same blood type, overwhelming forensic evidence ) and can be traced positively back 1400 years. In John’s account the disciples entered the tomb, saw the cloths and believed. What convinced them ? Could it have been the image on the Shroud ? Everybody has their opinions, but after more than 40 years of study, I, personally, am convinced that God gave us a photograph of the resurrection in the form of the Shroud of Turin.

  32. Shawn says:

    The only problem I have ever had regarding this shroud is the reference in John 20:7 which reads:

    “And the napkin, that was about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself.”

    Jesus’ head was wrapped separately from his body. The shroud shows the entire figure on one sheet. How does one explain the discrepancy between what we are told by God in scripture and what we see in the shroud?

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33 Responses

  1. Tyndale says:

    Frankly isn’t the whole point of the matter concerning finding some for of physical evidence to prove there is truly a real Godly Being…The Turin cloth is merely a piece of cloth with the impression likeness of a man embedded in it fibers but does any of that prove beyond any shadow of a doubt there is a true Godly Being connected to a mere piece of cloth…?
    In fact although I do not need physical evidence God is real or that Jesus Christ died for my sinful ,lifestyle I still wonder, and I have to ask, is there any physical evidence or any concrete proof beyond any archaeology diggings, and beyond the findings of old ancient holy land grave sits and bone findings, or is there any true evidence beyond old holy land ruins available to us people of today, proof that clearly shows and tells all and anyone there is a true living Godhead Father somewhere within the cosmos or throughout the unseen heavens…? OUCH…I just had to ask…?

  2. George Walter Bratcher III says:

    How did NASA going to Mars with the Mariner 10 satellite in the 1973 lead to the formation of the Shroud of Turin Research Project later in 1978? This project in 1978 would attract 38 skeptical American scientists on the team of 40 (with only two Christians), who thought they’d prove it a hoax within a week’s time, but leading to all the scientists, even a Jewish man on the team, all coming to faith in Jesus after 5 days studying the Shroud of Turin.

    https://youtu.be/IoZ4D5D_lrI?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    This would also lead to not only to The Fabric of Time video in 2005 – http://www.itbn.org/index/detail/ec/9sY2VwMjpSFId9Dfz1qzkhita_-jRTPs, but in 2010, Ray Downing would recreate that 3D image using 21st century computers to extract a 2D instruction set on the 2D surface of the Shroud of Turin to replicate a 3D image of the body of Christ on the History Channel: “The Real Face of Jesus From the Shroud of Turin” – https://youtu.be/WNJPJ4JwHeE?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    Then in 2007, the Star of Bethlehem documentary would be released showing that the Magi not only found Christ as a toddler on December 25, 2 BC and the star being commemorated on Romans coins of the day, but that his death following astronomical events of his time (a blood moon) was on April 3, 33 AD and matches an Earthquake recorded on the same date – https://youtu.be/oGUlWa2r-bk?list=PLOqiEYwhz4FQSJneIvy3-fz-Pr-w2AovF and is in line with coins found on the image of the Shroud of Turin that were only minted in Jerusalem from 29-33AD, and that have a spelling error on them that matches coins preserved in archeology from antiquity – https://youtu.be/8Jyd7kwzO08?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    Atheism is a movement in decline, has been since the 1970’s. Only reason you hear about it in the news is because enough old rich white baby boomers from the counter culture have money to put into it and into the court rooms. In another 40 years, it will be less relevant than it is now.

    Sin means “without,” without God specifically, so when Jesus told a sinner to go and sin no more he was really saying, “Go and be without God no more” (avoid Adam and Eve’s mistake of thinking they could cast conversation with the creator to the wayside).

    Just deal with the facts of history. NASA developed the VP8 image analyzer to measure the terrain of Mars from maps in black in white to be able to measure distance information so they would know safely where to land the Viking probes in 1976.

    An air force Captain took a photo of the negative of the Shroud of Turin in black in white, which yielded a positive image for Secondo Pia when he first photographed it on May 28, 1898 giving the world the first positive image of Christ received from the Shroud on the negative film strip.

    When run under the VP8 image analyzer, it generated a 3D image in 1975, which no standard photograph does, and that launched the Shroud of Turin Research Project or STURP in 1978, and led later to the first 3D image yielded from Dutch labs in 2005 as documented in the Fabric of Time, and then Ray Downing’s extraction of a full 3D image for the History channel from 2D surface on the Shroud which yielded an instruction set for creating his 3D image using 21st century computers in 2010.

    The image itself comes from the top 2 microfibers on the Shroud, not threads, but microfibers as there are hundreds of microfibers in a single thread, so that if you were to shave the surface of the Shroud of Turin with a razor blade the image itself would disappear. The Shroud is spun from flax, but the threads used in the 1988 carbon dating came from a repair weave that was from cotton which test from Los Alamos labs have confirmed, which is why carbon dating the cotton yielded a middle age time conclusion. – https://youtu.be/y2T7ZPmpTq8?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    The Shroud of Turin has a 3 to 1 herring bone twill pattern weave typical of the first century and burial cloths from Masada which date to the 1st century are constructed and made the same way. This pattern was not used by more advanced loom and weaving technology of the middle ages, so the fabric itself dates to the 1st century. – https://youtu.be/QRyHMIcQ5ko?list=PLAE6F3BCB32692FA5

    This is all fact, and none of it is myth.

    The 3D quantum hologram on the surface of the Shroud of Turin is only pointing to the Holographic Universe Science is now finding exists that we live in, since everything is made up of energy/light.

    The holographic Universe and the Father of the Heavenly Lights . . .https://www.facebook.com/notes/george-walter-bratcher-iii/the-holographic-universe-and-the-father-of-the-heavenly-lights-/10151421820621373

    The light and matter in the universe is measured data, and quite ironically you are using digital information to post on this comment that travels via light from your PC to the server, from which our PC’s are receiving the signal and producing it as letters in form of light on our monitors that our eyes can see.

    So not only are your rights from God, so is the sun light you see by and the oxygen you breathe by. Everything belongs to the creator, it’s just on loan to us, and one day when time ends where it began in Eternity, everyone will have to give account of how they managed what they were blessed with in life. How will you measure up?

  3. Liz says:

    You will know God by faith in His word. Period.
    The people in the old testament needed tangible things to see to have faith. Once Jesus died and rose to heaven, He sent the Holy Spirit to live inside the believer. He is the witness of Christ in you. You no longer need outside evidence. The shroud of Turin is fake. What is the point of the shroud? The devil will do anything to get your eyes off Christ and on to ANYTHING that will take your attention off the living God. Religion versus relationship. You choose.

  4. Christopher Ryan says:

    Yes, I find all of this fascinating and important. The way Jesus looked is crucial in a world that worships certain European / Caucasian features. I cannot claim to believe or disbelieve this shroud is real.

    However, I have read a story that says with Jesus’s location, heritage, and occupation, he would have had short hair and wider features. This would not coincide with what we see in the shroud of Turin.

    I believe in Jesus, but I’m not so quick to believe anything that has his name or (alleged) image on it, especially when man has a history (even in the church) of deceiving and lying to the masses.

  5. axel says:

    I got some very intriguing information last year, when I was reading about the new research in Italy and I came across this American how was also doing his own research on the photographs of the Shroud.

    He said to me by email how that he sat in front the full frontal side of the shroud and stared at it for well over a year. That’s when he said he noticed something very odd and weird about the feet.
    The man in the shroud could not have been lying down flat, when the image was made, because the feet were loosely and freely dangling as a man’s feet would if the man was suspended by a hangman’s noose.
    In other words, the man in the shroud was actually suspended in mid-air and covered by the Shroud, when the image was made!
    Well, after I looked at all his data that he seemed eager to email me at the time, it made the hairs on the back of my neck stand up, recalling the peculiar phrase of the accounts in the Gospels “He has RISEN from the dead”.

  6. bob perry says:

    The crown of thorns would have victor thorns which were very poisonist and with the beating the head would be at least double normal size. Just another attempt by the cult of mary roman catholic church to try to legitimatize their religion

  7. Paul gell says:

    Hello all, my name is paul gell and I have discovered a bas relief match to the shroud of turin! I created a 45 minute presentation (and mercifully a 5 minute summary) 🙂 and im trying to get the academic community to notice. I created a facebook page “shroud solver” where i just posted my videos. They are also are on youtube. I welcome comments and suggestions on how i can get real scholars to investigate my finding. Thanks! – paul gell

  8. Shaula says:

    Why would Father break His Word by leaving us some image as a catalyst for faith in His Messiah? Even Yshua/Jesus said to Thomas His discipled, “blessed are those who dont see [some physical evidence] yet believe.” Israel got led astray running after an icon from Gideon. We are commanded not o make any images to worship, so why would God allow this to create confusion? We are warned about ‘false christs’ & not to follow after things that diverge from the scriptures or cause bickering. The evidence of salvation is a tangible response to a Living Savior not belief inspired by an ancient rag..

  9. AngelWynton says:

    The Shroud is REAL!!
    Its still do miracles, didn’t Jehoshua said I am the live and the water
    you never get thirsty on? Yes he said that..and the Painting of
    Ray Downing is downstairs on the egde of the couch near
    my Fishtank. And believe me the tank was so full of dirth
    more like a swamp above water, and 3 malawi’s left in there.
    When I woke up and put the light on, I coudnt believe my eyes
    the whole fish tank was as clean as it could be, no dirth also
    the elements clean, and the water 100% pure. I have reumatics
    and a 250 liter tank to clean, every day it whas time out I will
    clean it tommorow. Fact is, that even the print of Ray Downing
    heals people, help people, Jehoshua is the way and the living water
    as clear as can be. Believe me 3 days ago tears role over my face
    of joy and happiness and believe and of cause to share with all of you.

  10. Mary says:

    It’s absolutely impossible for it to be the face of Jesus. He was so brutally tortured and beaten it says he didn’t even resemble the looks of a human. The best description to give of him is to have a pile of hamburger meat. He was covered in grave clothes, with a hundred pounds of ointment applied to it. A small face cloth was put over him, again, it would not show any details of a nice looking face. This is a scam and people will do anything they can to find something like this and worship it. Read the bible, and let God explain, not people.

  11. jeanr20 says:

    This sure has my mind going

  12. pk eggle says:

    PK says:
    Some of the doubting Thomas’es (sp?) out there owe it to themselves to do a little more homework on topics like long hair (which scripture predict “the Nazarene will know no razor” as were the customs for that region in the 1st century I believe…so it is important to exame all scriptures equally.

    As far as the above quoted scripture concerning any “disfigurement” goes, again a little additional study will explain a lot. The Roman Flagram used to scourge Jesus was designed to inflict internal-wounds- (note the mini iron “bar-bells attacd to the ends of the 4-?-6 teathers the Roman Centuran used to whip him). Now imagine the black & blue bruising, swelling, blood…. Put all that in context with the fact that even the Romans didn’t scourge AND crucify people- this was a Fist-Historically had never been done- so it ws extremely barbaric even for them! Also do a word study on the translated word “disfigured”…there is room for interpriration.Most people being crucified just hung on a cross- they were not beat to h*ll and “scourged” with a iron tipped Flagram like Jesus (129 strike points are identified ). Si please don’t throw the baby out wirh the bath water until you have the opportuinity to contemplate all the evidence.

    P.S. A certain amount of divine healing would have taken place during the Resurrection , too– Otherwise he would have still looked black & blue when He appeared to the others….so I have no trouble considering something like swelling (that distorts). as a possible explination in this instance. Just a thought.

  13. Varghese says:

    Good point Nathan!
    Here are the verses that prove your point:
    “I gave my back to those who beat me and my cheeks to those who pulled out my beard. I did not turn away my face from insults and spitting.” Isaiah 50:6
    “Just as many were astonished at you—so was he marred in his appearance, more than any human, and his form beyond that of human semblance” – Isaiah 52:14
    “they made his grave with the wicked, and with rich people in his death, although he had committed no violence, nor was there any deceit in his mouth yet the LORD was willing to crush him, and he made him suffer. Although you make his soul an offering for sin, He will see his offspring, and he will prolong his days, and the will of the LORD will triumph in his hand” – Isaiah 53:9-10

  14. Nathan says:

    Jesus was beaten so badly that he was severely disfigured , he was not recognizable. Case closed people let it go

  15. Betty says:

    From what I have read, the napkin was tied around the head, under the chin to hold the mouth closed. It would still have been considered to be “around” the face.

  16. Paul Michael says:

    The Vatican proved recently that the most recent test confirmed its ancient origin. How disingenuous to leave that fact out.

  17. Hannu K. Keskinen says:

    Shouldn’t today’s dna technology be able to come up with the thruth. ;?) The sample being from a male means that you are able to tell his mother line and father line, which should be something that they never before have found?

  18. stevek38 says:

    There is very much a longing to see our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ in our hearts. One day we shall see Him face to face and be filled with joy!!!

  19. Bob Puckett says:

    Artwork only…enjoy as you would any.

  20. Krzysztof Ciuba says:

    1 Cor 11: 14 proves it is a fake. A Jew at that time had a short hair.

  21. John says:

    Interesting but the show I seen on the history channel said that the very corner that was used to test. In many previous paintings ect that corner was the corner used to hold and it was a 13 century repair. I am confused how an earth quake got involved.

  22. Joyful Joanne says:

    BHD wrote: “There is actual blood on the cloth (type AB – I personally find this amusing because that is “universal recipient” – type O – “universal donor” would be more theologically consistant)”

    – That was my first thought too, but then I realized that Jesus was THE ULTIMATE UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT – He RECEIVED the penalty for the SINS OF THE WORLD in our place upon the cross when He GAVE His life blood for us! So He is BOTH Universal Recipient and Donor!

  23. Patricia Gentry says:

    First, the Shroud clearly shows the head of the body in the fold of the cloth so the face was not exposed. It was the custom to place an additional cloth tied about the head. The one thing no one addresses is how anyone in the 13th, 14th century, no matter how talented, could have created the Shroud. 1. it is a photographic negative, this property was discovered in the 20th century because there was no photography in the 13th 2. It is historically accurate and shows the nail holes in the wrists instead of the palms of the hands unlike all the artworks of the 13-14th centuries which had the nails in the palms; the wound in the side matches the configuration of Roman spears; and the flail marks show the dumbell like tips of Roman flails, examples still exist in museums. 3. It is forensically analizable by 20th century methods, the analysis of the flail marks show two beaters on either side, one taller than the other. 4. There is actual blood on the cloth (type AB – I personally find this amusing because that is “universal recipient” – type O – “universal donor” would be more theologically consistant) Whatever the Shroud is, it is NOT a fake, forgery or artwork. This piece of cloth once held a body that was crucified by Roman methods. The pool of blood under the small of the back indidcates that the heart began beating after internment or perhaps was never intirely stilled – corpses don’t bleed. This is a snapshot of an NDE – near death experience. We have had lots of those occur and not just because we have superior methods of resucitation – it happens – he just didn’t write the book about it, other people did.

  24. mikeb says:

    Whatever its origins, date, intentions, and subject, the shroud is a painting.

    Rub your face with paint. Wrap a towel around your head. Press.

    Unwrap. The resulting image does not look like a human face.

  25. Stanley Head says:

    I beleave it to be a real meriacel. The rush to have Jesus beried before sundown caused many shot cuts in the procedure. When the soul reentered the body it caused infinite heat instantly. The picture was developed when the chapel burned And the heat melted the silver box it was kept in.

  26. Joe says:

    Mentioned above, but also have seen reference several times in documentaries on the shroud to the possible carbon dating “contamination” resulting from nuns repairing the cloth after the fire of 1532 noted in the article. I believe there has also been evidence found in the shroud of a Jerusaleum origin due to microscopic spore evidence that is indigenous to that area only.

  27. Jeffrey Erwin says:

    In ancient times a burial cloth was ritually unclean. In addition, the image of the one worshiped as a bloody, tortured body was also unacceptable in those times. These may be the reasons that the 14 ft. burial linen of the Jewish Messiah was folded up so that only the face was visible (ref I. Wilson.) This abridgement in turn leads to the various legends of the artist/messenger from Edessa who attempted to paint the Rabbi’s portrait and that of Veronica’s cloth as explanations.
    In the gospels we see the rather cryptic reference by Rabbi Yehoshua to a “Sign of Jonah” that would be the “only sign” given to an entire “generation.” For something to be a “sign” it has to be witnessed. Such miracles as the walking on water or the transfiguration are not signs for any large number of persons since only a few witnessed them. But there is one miracle (in that research and analysis is unable to explain it) that has been and continues to be witnessed by generations. And that, of course, is the image of the Shroud, aka Holy Mandylion, which is the Sign of Jonah.

  28. Brian says:

    I’m in accord with Skip. Nicely stated…

  29. wayne root says:

    interesting that I heard the radio carbon dating were done on a piece of repaired cloth, repaired after a fire or damage of some sort. I doubt that this is jesus but this only proves men are like sheep, we will worship Jesus’ underwear if we had the chance rather than the true God. When God comes back to get his people, he’s not going to put the shroud, chalice or anything else in a museum as we will just worship that and ignore Him. Jesus will destroy it all as He doesn’t need it, and neither do we.

  30. Mary Thawley says:

    There is another artifact in Spain since the 6th century ( Oviedo Spain) whose blood stains match up with the blood markings on The Shroud of Turin. This is most probably the head covering you are seeking information on.

  31. Skip Heaton says:

    The cloth wrapped around the head would be the Sudarium of Oviedo. This is a cloth 84 x 53 cm which was folded in two and then wrapped around the head during transportation of the body to the burial site. This was done to avoid the “uncleanliness” of viewing the face of a dead person. At the burial site the cloth would have been removed and ( logically ) folded and set aside. The Sudarium is totally compatible with the Shroud ( same blood type, overwhelming forensic evidence ) and can be traced positively back 1400 years. In John’s account the disciples entered the tomb, saw the cloths and believed. What convinced them ? Could it have been the image on the Shroud ? Everybody has their opinions, but after more than 40 years of study, I, personally, am convinced that God gave us a photograph of the resurrection in the form of the Shroud of Turin.

  32. Shawn says:

    The only problem I have ever had regarding this shroud is the reference in John 20:7 which reads:

    “And the napkin, that was about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself.”

    Jesus’ head was wrapped separately from his body. The shroud shows the entire figure on one sheet. How does one explain the discrepancy between what we are told by God in scripture and what we see in the shroud?

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